Litigation costs time and money, so the firm's members review a client's goals before any proceeding starts and choose the remedy with its cost and duration in view. Sometimes the right step is a suit; sometimes it is a legal notice, a negotiated settlement, mediation or arbitration. Whether a business needs a litigation lawyer for a contract claim or a family needs a civil lawyer in Raipur for a property dispute, that assessment comes first.
The litigation group has an active civil, criminal and commercial practice. It drafts deeds, agreements and representations, and initiates, defends and pursues cases on the original and appellate side in civil, criminal, consumer protection and service matters, before the District Courts, consumer commissions, the High Court of Chhattisgarh and the Supreme Court of India. As a law firm in Raipur with a second office in Bilaspur, the seat of the High Court, it can follow a case from the trial court through appeal.
Cases the litigation group handles
- Commercial, contract and construction disputes, including international commercial disputes
- Recovery and collection claims and creditors' rights, acting for creditors or for debtors
- Bankruptcy and insolvency-related litigation, on either side
- Movable and immovable property, real estate, title and injunction suits; see property and civil disputes
- Cheque dishonour under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881; see cheque bounce cases
- Complaints and appeals before the consumer commissions; see consumer disputes
- Criminal complaints, trials, bail and quashing; see criminal defence and bail
- Matrimonial cases, wills and trusts, and accident claims
- Tax and immigration matters
- Appeals, revisions and writ petitions; see High Court writs and appeals
Commercial litigation under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015
Disputes arising from ordinary commercial dealings, such as supply and distribution, construction and infrastructure contracts, shareholder and joint venture agreements, licensing, banking and insurance, are ‘commercial disputes’ under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 where the specified value is ₹3 lakh or more. They go to Commercial Courts, which apply a stricter version of the Code of Civil Procedure.
The differences matter in practice. A written statement cannot be filed more than 120 days after service of summons. Pleadings carry a statement of truth, documents must be disclosed at the outset, and the court fixes a timetable at a case management hearing. It can also decide a claim without trial, by summary judgment, where a claim or defence has no real prospect of success.
Injunctions, attachment and other interim relief
Many cases are decided in substance at the interim stage. A court may grant a temporary injunction under Order 39 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 where the applicant shows a prima facie case, a balance of convenience in its favour and irreparable injury if relief is refused. It may order attachment before judgment under Order 38 where a defendant is disposing of property to defeat a decree, or appoint a receiver under Order 40. In urgent cases, an order can be made before the other side is heard, followed by an early hearing.
In contract disputes, the 2018 amendment to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 made specific performance the rule rather than the exception, which strengthens a claimant's position and changes settlement calculations on both sides.
Execution of decrees
A decree has to be executed before it pays. Under Order 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the executing court can attach and sell movable and immovable property, attach bank accounts and salary, and in limited cases order civil detention. The Supreme Court has directed that execution petitions be decided within six months of filing, and a decree can be executed for up to twelve years from when it becomes enforceable. Tracing the judgment-debtor's assets before filing lets the petition name specific property, which gives the court something concrete to act on.
Where civil and commercial cases are heard in Chhattisgarh
Civil suits are filed before the Civil Judge or the District Judge with pecuniary and territorial jurisdiction, and commercial disputes of specified value before the Commercial Court. First appeals go to the District Court or the High Court depending on the value of the suit, and second appeals, on a substantial question of law, to the High Court of Chhattisgarh, established at Bilaspur on 1 November 2000. The Supreme Court hears appeals from the High Court, usually by special leave. Lok Adalat awards are final, are deemed civil court decrees and cannot be appealed.
To discuss a dispute, before or after proceedings have begun, contact the Raipur or Bilaspur office through the contact page.
What the practice handles
- Commercial suits, with pre-institution mediation under Section 12A
- Recovery and collection suits, including summary suits under Order 37
- Injunctions, attachment before judgment and receivers
- Contract, construction and real estate disputes
- International commercial disputes
- Property, title and partition suits
- Creditors' rights and bankruptcy-related litigation, for creditors and debtors
- Execution of decrees and awards
- Appeals, revisions and writ petitions
- Drafting of deeds, agreements, legal notices and representations
- Consumer, cheque bounce, matrimonial and accident claim cases
Where these matters are heard
- Civil Courts, District Courts and Commercial Courts in Chhattisgarh
- District, State and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions
- High Court of Chhattisgarh at Bilaspur
- Supreme Court of India
- Legal Services Authorities, for pre-institution mediation and Lok Adalats
Questions about Civil & Commercial Litigation
How long does a civil suit take in Raipur?
It depends on the court's workload, the number of witnesses and how the parties conduct the case, so any estimate is given only after the pleadings are in. Commercial suits run to a tighter timetable: the written statement cannot be filed beyond 120 days from service, and the court fixes a calendar at the case management hearing. Interim applications are decided much earlier and often settle the practical position long before trial.
What is the time limit for filing a money recovery suit?
Under the Limitation Act, 1963, most suits for money due under a contract, for goods sold and delivered or on a loan must be filed within three years, counted from the date the relevant article of the Act specifies. A written acknowledgment of the debt signed before the period expires starts a fresh period (Section 18), and so can a part-payment (Section 19). Delay in filing a suit, unlike delay in an appeal, cannot be condoned.
Can a court stop the other side from selling property while the case is pending?
Yes. A temporary injunction under Order 39 of the Code of Civil Procedure can restrain a transfer of the property in dispute, and attachment before judgment under Order 38 can secure property that a defendant is disposing of to defeat a decree. In any case, under Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, a transfer made while a suit about the property is pending is subject to the outcome of the suit.
What happens if the other side does not pay after a decree?
The decree-holder files an execution petition in the court that passed the decree or the court to which it is transferred. The court can attach and sell property, attach bank accounts and salary, appoint a receiver and, in limited cases, order civil detention. The Supreme Court has directed that execution petitions be decided within six months of filing. A decree remains executable for twelve years from when it becomes enforceable.
Is a legal notice necessary before filing a civil suit?
Not always. Some notices are required by law, such as the notice under Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure before suing the government or a public officer, and the demand notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act before a cheque bounce complaint. In other disputes a notice is optional, but a well-drafted one fixes the claim, invites settlement and later shows the court who acted reasonably.
Does the firm take up cases outside Raipur and Bilaspur?
The litigation group initiates, defends and pursues cases on the original and appellate side in District Courts, consumer commissions, the High Court and the Supreme Court. Besides its offices in Raipur and Bilaspur, the firm has representative offices in Delhi, Bengaluru and Mumbai. Whether it can act in a particular matter depends on the forum, the timetable and a conflict check, which is done first.
A question that is not answered here? Send it to the firm.
This page describes the law in general terms as of 24 September 2026. It is not legal advice. The outcome of any matter depends on its facts, and the firm does not guarantee results.
